AYUSH vs Modern Medicine: Can Tradition and Science Coexist in India’s Healthcare System?

India's healthcare system stands at a crucial crossroads. A recent online debate between Grandmaster Vidit Gujrathi and a hepatologist sparked renewed national discussion on whether AYUSH practitioners — those trained in Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy — should be considered “real doctors.”

This isn’t a new debate. Back in 1946, the Bhore Committee laid the foundation of modern medical education in India, recommending a clear preference for allopathic medicine. Despite this, traditional medicine systems continued to survive — and today, thrive — not only as part of cultural identity but also as an accessible healthcare option, especially in underserved areas.

However, serious concerns remain:

Should AYUSH practitioners be allowed to prescribe allopathic medicine?

What happens when someone trained in Ayurveda performs a modern surgery using tools and drugs not part of their training?

How do we ensure patient safety while addressing the shortage of doctors?

India’s Drugs and Cosmetics Rules (1945) and a key Supreme Court judgment (Mukhtiar Chand vs. State of Punjab) empower state governments to decide who qualifies as a Registered Medical Practitioner. This legal leeway has led to inconsistencies across the country.

While AYUSH systems have a long-standing legacy and cultural significance, the lack of empirical, evidence-based research raises concerns — especially when these practitioners are hired by hospitals simply because they cost less than MBBS doctors.

Going forward, India must find a balance.

✅ Recognize the importance of AYUSH in preventive care and holistic wellness.

⚠️ But restrict cross-prescription and surgeries to those medically trained in those specific domains.

Healthcare isn't just about tradition or modernity — it’s about trust, transparency, and safety.

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